Preheat the oven to 350°F (175°C). Line baking sheets with parchment paper.
In a mixing bowl, whisk together the flour, baking powder, baking soda, and salt. Set aside.
In another bowl, cream the softened butter and granulated sugar using a stand mixer or hand mixer until light and fluffy (about 2-3 minutes).
Beat in the egg, lemon juice, lemon zest, and vanilla extract until well combined.
Gradually add the dry ingredients to the wet mixture, mixing until just combined. Do not overmix.
Chill the dough in the refrigerator for about 30 minutes to make it easier to handle.
Once chilled, scoop tablespoon-sized portions of dough and roll them into balls.
Roll each ball in powdered sugar until fully coated and place them on the prepared baking sheets, leaving space in between each cookie.
Bake in the preheated oven for 10-12 minutes, or until the edges are set and the tops have cracked.
Allow cookies to cool on the baking sheet for 5 minutes before transferring them to a cooling rack to cool completely.