Rinse the rice under cold water in a fine-mesh strainer until the water runs clear. This helps remove excess starch and prevents the rice from becoming sticky. Allow it to drain.
In a medium saucepan, heat the olive oil or butter over medium heat. Add the chopped onion and sauté for about 3-4 minutes until translucent.
Stir in the minced garlic and cook for an additional minute until fragrant, being careful not to burn it.
Add the rinsed rice to the saucepan and stir to coat the grains with the oil and onion mixture. Continue to sauté for 2-3 minutes, allowing the rice to toast slightly.
Pour in the broth, then add the ground cumin, turmeric, salt, and pepper. Bring to a boil.
Once boiling, reduce the heat to low and cover the saucepan with a lid. Cook for approximately 15-18 minutes, or until the rice is tender and the liquid is absorbed.
If using peas or diced carrots, add them to the rice during the last 5 minutes of cooking. This allows them to become tender without losing their color.
Once cooked, remove the saucepan from heat and let it sit covered for another 5 minutes. Fluff the rice gently with a fork before serving.